By Karen Zheng '24
Introduction
Coral reefs are the most diverse marine ecosystems on the planet, providing shelter and food to many generations of ocean life. Although they cover only two percent of the ocean floor, coral reefs support nearly 25% of all ocean species. Due to an overwhelming amount of human-caused threats, scientists estimate that about 50% of the world’s coral reefs have died since 1980. Scientists also say that the rest of the world’s coral reefs may disappear in the next thirty years.
Coral Bleaching
Coral reefs have very low-temperature tolerance. Increments of just one or two degrees in sea temperature can drastically damage a coral reef’s health. Coral bleaching is a stress response by which corals and anemones lose their zooxanthellae. When corals lose their zooxanthellae, they lose both their color and their built-in food source. Although corals can survive a bleaching event, they require zooxanthellae to survive, so they will eventually die if they are under repeated stress.
Ocean Acidification
When fossil fuels burn, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise. When CO2 dissolves in the sea, it raises the water's acidity level. Higher acidity levels prevent a build up of calcium carbonate, which is essential for marine organisms to grow their skeletons and shells. As a result, increased CO2 in the water causes coral reefs to develop weaker skeletons, which make reefs more vulnerable to diseases and storms.
Change in Storm Patterns
Hurricanes gain and lose wind speed based on the temperature of the ocean water below. For instance, a one degree Fahrenheit rise in ocean temperature can increase a hurricane’s wind speed by 15 to 20 miles per hour. Stronger and more frequent storms can cause the damage and destruction of coral reefs.
Rising Sea Levels
Global warming is causing glaciers and sea ice to melt rapidly, leading to a rise in sea levels. As a result, corals end up deeper underwater, receiving less sunlight and growing more slowly.
Ways to Help
Climate change is evidently putting coral reefs in danger. To prevent losing any more coral reefs, we must unite to stop climate change. No matter where you live, here are just a few ways you can help keep coral reefs healthy:
Use environmentally-friendly modes of transportation such as trains, buses, and bikes.
Save energy at home by turning off lights and electronic devices when not using them.
Reduce water and food waste.
Consume less meat.
Power your home with renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, or hydropower.
Wear reef-safe sunscreen.
Educate yourself and your peers about climate change!
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